Sigma Six Iso 900 and Tqm Summary

DMADV a. k. a. DFSS The DMADV venture approach, likewise known as DFSS (â€Å"Design For Six Sigma†),[12] features five stages: * Defineâ design objectives that are steady with client requests and the endeavor methodology. * Measureâ and recognize CTQs (attributes that are Critical To Quality), item capacities, creation process ability, and dangers. * Analyzeâ to create and structure choices, make an elevated level plan and assess plan ability to choose the best structure. * Designâ details, streamline the structure, and plan for structure verification.This stage may require reproductions. * Verifyâ the configuration, set up pilot runs, actualize the creation procedure and hand it over to the procedure owner(s). So as to investigate a potential task its basic one comprehends the Six Sigma DMAIC prerequisites. An extraordinary case of venture perusing is like a doctor diagnosing a patient with a particular disease. Compelling undertaking checking is addit ionally similar to a doctor rewarding a patient with a particular ailment, tender loving care is significant when diagnosing a patient (Lynch, Bertolino, Cloutier, 2003).The characterize period of a six sigma venture is one of the most essential stages. The characterize stage can have the most effect on the accomplishment of the undertaking. The DMAIC Six Sigma strategy ought to be utilized when an item or procedure is at present set up, however for reasons unknown doesn't meet the client particular or isn't performing viably, The DMADV system ought to be utilized when another item or procedure is being presented, when a procedure doesn't exist, or has arrived at privilege. On the off chance that an imperfection exists, one ought to pick toward utilizing the DMAIC approach to finish a six sigma project.Due to the idea of this procedure, distinguishing the client particulars, planning and enhancing arrangements, actualizing the new procedure, item or administration, a DMADV venture c an be increasingly mind boggling and be possibly longer in term. Some Black Belts might be enticed to concede to DMADV when the procedure to be improved isn't reported. Consider whether the work, procedure, or administration is happening today. In the event that it is, at that point one would maybe have a venture that should start as a DMAIC venture. The procedure should then be archived as one of the early strides in the exertion toward lessening imperfection variation.Another regular slip up happens when tasks are distinguished as DMADV and the proper devices are not utilized. The DMADV procedure use novel apparatuses to catch the Voice of the Customer and mean CTQs, which is an abbreviation for â€Å"Critical to Quality† and afterward to Functional Design Requirements. These apparatuses incorporate Kano Analysis, Quality Function Deployment, and Pugh Matrix. Utilizing these devices during a DMADV venture guarantees that the push to make an item, procedure, or administratio n will convey the most significant client prerequisites. ConclusionSix Sigma is one quality framework that has outlived other quality administration frameworks (Brinlee, n. d. ). There are many instruments and programming programs accessible; in any case, there are nuts and bolts that all should know. Contingent upon ones preparing as a green or dark belt, the six sigma instruments utilized can change. Most each of the six sigma programming programs are intended to permit the PC to compute to diminish the capability of human mistake. There are two essential characterizations of six sigma devices: process streamlining devices and factual examination apparatuses (Brinlee, n. d. ).Examination: After you portray your exploration finding and incorporate references, it would be ideal if you offer your investigation of the data here. By starting the section with a bolded word, it will be substantially more obvious to the Evaluator this is the place they will discover your examination of th e data instead of it showing up as though it is a piece of the exploration outline. Advantages of Six Sigma It is evident that numerous organizations have benefited from the use of Six Sigma to there plan of action. In the event that we look further into the intrigue of Six Sigma, past the authentic quantitative increases, we will discover a few advantages that organizations find alluring. Pande, 2000) â€Å"Six Sigma, 1. â€Å"Generates supported success† †The best way to continue a significant level of development is to constantly enhance and redo the association. A Six Sigma process makes the abilities and culture to accomplish this ceaseless procedure improvement cycle. 2. â€Å"Sets a presentation objective for everyone† †an organization is comprised of various offices with various undertakings and goals. Six Sigma gives a typical target to all divisions to be as near flawless as could be expected under the circumstances. The thought is that on the off chance that you comprehend the customer’s necessities, at that point you can quantify for deserts. . â€Å"Enhances Customer Value† †The focal point of Six Sigma is understanding what the client necessities are and conveying an item or administration inside those prerequisites. 4. â€Å"Increases the pace of improvement† †Six Sigma enables an organization to keep steady over it’s improvement endeavors by continually refreshing prerequisites and recognizing absconds before they occur. 5. â€Å"Promotes Learning† †Six sigma unites specialists with amateurs to deal with the procedure and show the Six Sigma method of business. Organizations that utilization Six Sigma see it as learning instrument that is basic to their prosperity. 6. Executes vital change† †Six Sigma gives you a superior comprehension of your organizations forms. The way of thinking is tied back to the organizations objectives so when it’s time for chan ge there is a higher likelihood of progress. † (Pande, 2000) Six Sigma Negatives Six Sigma is has not been effective for each organization. Pundits point to a few factors as negatives of Six Sigma. Some point to the way that Six Sigma isn't a unique way of thinking but instead a re-bundling of existing thoughts. Also, pundits bring up the utilization of experts and the requirement for profoundly prepared master to actualize and deal with the procedure can be very expensive.Another analysis is that the 3. 4 for each 1 million estimation doesn't fit all circumstances. An air terminal may require a better quality than state the mail station. It has been said that applying Six Sigma thoroughly will result in a working environment condition that is unbending and smothers innovativeness, development, and creation. In any case, advocates will say that this result is an aftereffect of missing key pieces of a fruitful program. The objectives of the program must be attached to the objec tives of the organization and the procedures set up must straightforwardly bind to the clients needs. ImplementationSix Sigma programs are conveyed starting from the top and executed from the base up. (Cariera and Trudell, 2006) You should have upper administrations purchase in and full help. This help must be conveyed successfully through the association. Upper administration must be happy to put resources into preparing for their representatives and ready to grasp the progressions that will come out of the activity. Albeit Six Sigma can include some complex factual hypotheses and estimation devices, the obstructions to effective usage as a rule originate from â€Å"behavioral† opposition instead of â€Å"technical† issues. Kumar, 2006) coming up next are what Kumar considers â€Å"Fundamental rules for critical change†: †¢ Always remember influenced people for both arranging and actualizing enhancements. †¢ Provide adequate time for representatives t o change. †¢ Confine upgrades to just those progressions basic to expel the distinguished root cause(s). †¢ Respect an individual’s observations by tuning in and reacting to his/her interests. †¢ Ensure authority cooperation in the program. †¢ Provide opportune input to influenced people. These are for the most part key focuses to executing Six Sigma, anyway to a Six Sigma critic’s point, there is nothing extremely new here.This is fundamentally the same as numerous other administration and quality ways of thinking. Despite what name you give it, these basics are basic for founding positive change in an association. Maybe by applying these essentials under a perceived program, for example, Six Sigma, there will be a superior possibility for progress. ISO 9000 Naturally this subheading â€Å"Finding Number 2† would really be changed to portray the subsequent research finding. At that point you would portray what you found and make certain to i ncorporate statements or rewords from your research.After every one of those references, make certain to incorporate a right in-content reference (APA) group. Remember that this errand expects you to reference 8 sources in your paper (and incorporate a going with Reference page). Investigation: After you portray your examination finding and incorporate references, it would be ideal if you offer your examination of the data here. By starting the passage with a bolded word, it will be considerably more evident to the Evaluator this is the place they will discover your investigation of the data as opposed to it showing up as though it is a piece of the examination synopsis. Advantages of ISOThe ISO was begun in 1947 when 25 nations met in London to characterize industry-wide normalization for the assembling and flexibly of items, testing/examination and innovation utilized in these fields, that starts an establishment of the exchange and move of innovation. A) While making everything f air so nations can without much of a stretch exchange abroad simpler, organizations are allowed to contend in increasingly overall markets. This permits organizations access to regions beforehand adrnonished for political reasons (American organizations working together in Vietnam, for instance), while spanning the necessities of business into the new millennium.B) At its center the ISO related to associations the WTO, advances a worldwide exchanging systern quality. The WTO organized the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)' which incorporates a Code of Good practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards

Multimedia Arts Essay Example For Students

Mixed media Arts Essay The Dock The Dock is the toolbar at the base or side of your work area that has a great deal of significant connections and devices to assist you with utilizing your Macintosh PC. The Dock shows visual portrayals of projects and documents; for instance, the schedule symbol appears as though a work area schedule, and the waste seems as though a trash can. You can alter the Dock to hold applications you need to utilize consistently. The Finder The Finder is what might be compared to Windows Explorer and Search, all folded into one. The Finder is really simple. A registry tree shows up in the left alumna of the Finder window, and the substance of the chose catalog show in the correct window sheet. You can double tap envelopes to see substance. Squeezing the Back catch to retreats from an organizer or catalog. The Menu Bar The Menu ear at the highest point of the screen is your vital aspect for cooperating with most applications, Many application works live on the Menu Bar under different headings. At the point when message on the Menu Bar is dark, you can choose it and play out those capacities. At the point when content is dim, those capacities arent at present accessible. The Menu Bar changes relying upon what application youre utilizing, so acquaint ourselves with the various orders accessible with various applications. Stopping and Minimizing Programs The red catch in the upper-left corner of a given window or application is the Close order, while the yellow catch implies limit. Because you close a window doesnt mean the application is shut; to stop most applications, you should choose the Quit order from the application menu. You can likewise press the Apple button and the Q button on your console all the while to stop an application. Console SHORTCUT By utilizing some straightforward console alternate ways you can figure out how to function a lot quicker. For example, on the off chance that you are composing a book and need to accomplish something with the mouse - ? maybe there is a console order that can play out something very similar? Utilizing that console order, your hands dont need to leave the console. Over the long haul, this will spare you a great deal of time. The Keys Below is a rundown of the most significant keys on your Macs console. They may fluctuate a bit of relying upon which Mac you have. The best console orders of Mac 05 x: 1 . APPLICATION SWITCHING. In the event that you press order tab, a window containing all open application will show up, Keep order pushed down and press the tab key more than once to peruse high schooler the applications and when the correct one is chosen, discharge the keys and the application will show up in front tooth others. Timeserving! 2. Stopping Apt ACTIONS. To close an application just press order q and the application will stop right away.

Reclaiming Reading Time Steps to Keep Donald Trump from Stealing My Reading Joy

Reclaiming Reading Time Steps to Keep Donald Trump from Stealing My Reading Joy This post on reclaiming reading time is sponsored by  Penguin Random House Audio. HOLIDAYS ARE HAPPIER WITH AUDIOBOOKS. Make your holiday travels, errands, cooking sessions, and all the rest more enjoyable by listening to an audiobook. From bestsellers, to thrillers, to self-care, you can find the perfect listen for any moment. Give yourself the gift of audio this holiday season. This year has been a tough one. I must admit, I havent read more than 20 pages over the past three months. Its my fault. I spend too much of my time glued to Twitter, wondering what horribly offensive thing is coming out of  Trump. I spend my valuable time fighting right wing internet trolls, even though I know full well they cant be bothered to hear me. I obsessively listen to political podcasts, emotionally hurting myself as I listen to others scream into my carefully chosen liberal bubble. None of it accomplishes anything, and I know that. But on top of wasting my time, Ive allowed the GOP to steal my joy. Joy in the form of beautiful words spoken in audiobooks. Joy in the form of selecting new books for my daily commute. Joy in the form of excitedly preordering anticipated releases. I have allowed Trump and his cronies to take from me something that means so much to me. Its not his fault. Lord knows he doesnt read, so he doesnt understand how important this is. This is wholly on me and my inability to look away, even for an hour an evening. So my New Ears Resolution this year is to do as Queen Maxine Waters once said, reclaim my time. My commute to work, the time I spend cleaning my house, errands on the weekend…I refuse to allow Trump to rob me of that time any longer. I refuse to allow him to take up space in my brain that could be filled with gorgeous prose or humorous essays. via GIPHY Here are the steps I hope to take to reclaim my time and gift myself with the opportunity to voraciously consume all the audiobooks Ive been dying to listen to since the fateful morning of November 9, 2016. 1. Turn off the political podcasts. Sorry to the boys at Pod Save America or the good ladies at Mueller, She Wrote. Mama needs a break! 2. Take a Twitter break. I plan on using an app to keep me from involuntarily opening Twitter while I should be ingesting a book. 3. Stop purchasing books dishing the latest hot goss about the dumpster fire that is the Trump administration. It doesnt help me. It doesnt bring me joy. It just makes me mad. 4. Instead of spending my lunch break scrolling through Washington Post or The New York Times, Im going to use that time to listen to an audiobook. Sorry, WaPo and NYT…we had a good run! 5. Download multiple audiobooks at a time so I feel I have choices. I think this will keep me from deciding to do something else (read: find ways to anger myself further about 45) if Im just not feeling that particular audiobook I currently have downloaded. Variety is the spice of life…and the way to keep yourself from having a rage aneurysm at the tender age of 37 (shut up). 6. If possible, Id love to find a separate device that doesnt allow for internet access. I wont lie, Im weak. I know how easy it is to end up on Twitter or Facebook before you even realizing you have your finger on the screen. Downloading my audiobook files to a device with no internet access seems like a good solution. 7. Just remember how much I adore listening to audiobooks. I need to remind myself routinely just what John Barron and the Republican party are taking from me when I grant them precious space in my brain. The number of books Ive missed out on this year is entirely on me…and a true loss. I cant allow this group of racist, xenophobic transphobes to guarantee me four (please God, I pray of you, only four) years without books. via GIPHY I wish you all the best of luck in 2019 as you, too, try to take your reading life back! Lets reclaim our time…lets reclaim our joy! Also In This Story Stream Fiction Audiobooks to Help You with Your Resolutions Make The Most Out Of Your Commute With Audiobooks Restart After the New Year with These 12 Mindful Audiobooks My Audiobook-Related Resolutions How Audiobooks Help My Sleep Goals Listening Your Way to Self-Help Resolutions: Self-Help Audiobooks Audiobook Reading Resolutions for Kids and Their Parents My Reading Resolutions for 2019 QUIZ: What Should Your Bookish New Years Resolution Be? Remembering to Read for Joy and Resolutions Let Audiobooks Help You Meet Your Reading Goals An Ultra-Short Audiobook Syllabus To Eviscerate Your Resolutions 7 Classic Must-Read Books, and How to Move them Off Your TBR Pile Rhyme and Rhythm: 6 Great Poetry Audiobooks View all New Ears Resolution posts-->

The History of Calculators and William Seward Burroughs

Determining who invented the calculator and when the first calculator was created is not as easy as it seems. Even in pre-historic times, bones and other objects were used to calculate arithmetic functions. Long afterward came mechanical calculators, followed by electrical calculators and then their evolution into the familiar but not-so-ubiquitous-anymore handheld calculator. Here are some of the milestones and prominent figures who played a role in the development of the calculator through history. Milestones and Pioneers The Slide Rule:  Before we had calculators we had slide rules. In 1632, the circular and rectangular slide rule was invented by W. Oughtred (1574-1660).  Resembling a standard ruler, these devices allowed users to multiply, divide, and calculate roots and logarithms. They were not typically used for addition or subtraction, but they were commonplace sights in school rooms and workplaces well into the 20th century.   Mechanical Calculators William Schickard (1592-1635):  According to his notes, Schickard succeeded in designing and building the first mechanical calculating device. Schickard’s accomplishment went unknown and unheralded for 300 years, until his notes were discovered and publicized, so it was not until Blaise Pascal’s invention gained widespread notice that mechanical calculation came to the public’s attention.   Blaise Pascal (1623-1662): Blaise Pascal invented one of the first calculators, called the Pascaline, to help his father with his work collecting taxes. An improvement in Schickard’s design, it nevertheless suffered from mechanical shortcomings and higher functions required repetitive entries. Electronic Calculators William Seward Burroughs (1857-1898): In 1885, Burroughs filed his first patent for a calculating machine. However, his 1892 patent was for an improved calculating machine with an added printer.  The Burroughs Adding Machine Company, which he founded in St. Louis, Missouri, went on to great success popularizing the inventor’s creation. (His grandson, William S. Burroughs enjoyed great success of a far different kind, as a Beat writer.)

Conflict Management Project Management - 3325 Words

Conflict Management Michael Schmalzer Southern New Hampshire University Seminar in Project Management QSO-680-4030 Term 14TW4 Abstract Project managers utilize different resolution styles and recommendations for specific situations to resolve conflict. Conflict inevitably occurs for any project. Everyone on the project is responsible for conflict management. By properly managing conflicts, the workplace and the projects will start to develop and stimulate healthy and positive conflicts which increase business productivity and promote innovation. Proper conflict management creates a competitive atmosphere, helping fuel a business forward for complete customer satisfaction. Introduction Conflict is a â€Å"process that begins when†¦show more content†¦By understanding the types of conflict resolution styles, managers can use appropriate conflict resolution styles to promote and generate healthy conflicts, increase productivity of all team members, increase employee morale and increase overall customer service. History of Conflict Perception Since the late 19th century there have been three main views of conflict and its impact on projects. The traditional view, which was present until about the 1940’s, assumes that there is a positive correlation between the level of conflict and decrease in performance (Verma, 1998). All conflict was seen as a negative impact on a project. Project managers were responsible for removing, suppressing or avoiding conflicts. The project managers often used the authoritarian approach or a suppression approach which was not effective as a resolution for most conflicts. Often times the root cause was hidden by avoiding and suppressing the conflict. This approach also suppressed the positive effects of conflict such as promoting creativity through discussions of problems. The traditional approach often resulted in violent clashes between employees and managers. This led to the development of labor unions to help negotiate and mediate confrontations between managers and employees. The second view which influenced businesses between the 1940’s and

Parapsychology The Non-Existence of Ghosts Free Essays

Ghosts are a paranormal phenomenon that has been given a lot of credibility to which it may not be entitled. People are willing to believe the existence of ghosts based mostly on the readings of electronic equipment, the explanations of the equipment operators regarding those readings and the account of eyewitnesses. The real explanations may be much more scientific and much less fanciful. We will write a custom essay sample on Parapsychology: The Non-Existence of Ghosts or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a few â€Å"signs† that a ghost is present, according to the believers. These are: †¢ Unusual cold spots †¢ Unusual drafty or windy areas †¢ Unusual smells †¢ Strange sounds (voices, footsteps, moaning, crying, banging, etc) †¢ Anywhere you feel a strange â€Å"being watched† sensation (Santore) These sound like flimsy evidence to convince someone that a ghost is present and yet the majority of believers will attribute any or all of these â€Å"signs† as proof that ghosts exist. Science takes a much different view of these â€Å"signs† and can offer more reasonable explanations for these occurrences. Most of the ghost sightings and paranormal experiences concerning ghosts can be scientifically analyzed and explained. There is no correlation between the lifestyles, IQs, or financial status of believers and non believers of ghosts. Religion may play a part in the willingness or not to accept ghosts as real. As with almost anything, if someone looks for it, it will usually be found. That is the way most ghosts are discovered, through the belief that they are present and can be witnessed if one perseveres. This is proven by most of the â€Å"Ghost Walks† and tours of haunted establishments around the world. People who attend these walks and visit these establishments do so with the preconceived idea that they will see a ghost or some phenomenon that represents a ghostly presence. This state of mind sets them up to see what they wish to see and few will try to explain away the ghost sighting with science and investigation. Among the most common phenomena found at ghost research sites are apparently floating, circular or diamond-shaped objects called â€Å"orbs,† which have been captured in many photographs. Video cameras have shown their images floating across the screen, while digital and 35- millimeter cameras have photographed orbs larger than basketballs or as small as a postcard. (Krivyanski 140) These orbs are one of the more frequently produced â€Å"evidence† of the existence of a ghost. Most people using a digital camera have seen these floating spheres in many of their pictures. Believers claim these orbs are the photographic evidence of a spirit presence. Joe Nickell, Senior Research Fellow for CSICOP, says, â€Å"We do know that dust, fingers, camera straps, mist, and lint can reflect the camera’s flash and produce ghostly effects. Dust particles are a major source of orbs. We do not know that ghosts are the explanation of any orbs. † In fact, Nickell has intentionally produced orbs in experiments. (Peterson) Another photo anomaly is the ectoplasm. This is similar to the orb but is more of a stream of smoke than a sphere shape. Ghost hunters have seized on ectoplasm as a pseudo explanation for various strand and mist effects in photos. Such effects can be caused by the flash rebounding from the camera’s wrist strap, jewelry, hair, insects, a wandering fingertip, etc. , etc. (Nickell 1996). Photographs of ghosts continue to fascinate those who are looking for proof of a ghost’s existence. Over the years there have been thousands of ghost photographs but none have been proven without a doubt to be of a spiritual presence. Photography recreated reality so exactly that it became the medium of choice for the rendition of the ultimate non-reality: the â€Å"spirit†. â€Å"Spirit photos† became spectacularly popular by the 1880s and remain colorful reminders of quaint Victorian sensibility. They were ultimately embarrassing; both for the purchasers and the providers, once word got out that the â€Å"spirits† they showed were merely the by-products of deliberate double exposure. (Packer 30) Photographer William L. Mumler caused a sensation in the late 1800 when he produced photographs of ghosts for exhibition. When his â€Å"ghosts† were found alive and working in Boston, he admitted to fraud and explained that he had found a crude method of double exposure while working in his photographs and used it to create the photos. (Nickell 146-159) With the advances in photography and digital enhancements, it has become easier to manipulate photographs and mislead people looking for proof of ghosts. Most times, a good researcher can discover the methods used to fake the â€Å"spirits† in the photos and prove the image to be a fake. While admittedly, there are some photos that cannot be explained by modern research methods, this does not indicate proof of a ghost’s existence. It simply means that the method used to create the image has not been positively identified. There have been many proven frauds in the cases of ghost evidence and sightings. Some fakes are misunderstandings of the situation or cause, as in the following case: Vic Tandy of Coventry University in Scotland. His experience suggests that it may be possible to attribute many of the classic signs of ghosts to very low frequency sound waves trapped inside buildings. Although these sound waves cannot be heard, tests have revealed that they can induce the perception of wraithlike â€Å"ghosts† and even a feeling of cold and terror. Tandy was working alone one night in a laboratory. He began sweating despite feeling cold and then noticed a figure in the room. He was terrified. The following morning a fencing enthusiast who had left a foil clamped in a vise returned to the lab and noticed the blade’s free end frantically moving up and down. Tandy, who is a trained engineer, realized that it might be getting energy from low-frequency, inaudible sound waves filling the laboratory. Indeed, tests revealed a standing wave trapped in the lab and reaching a peak intensity next to his desk. Further site inspection led to the source of the standing wave: a new extraction fan. When the fan’s mountings were altered, the suspected ghost left. (Krivyanski 140) One case in particular proves the power of imagination and suggestion in regards to those who are searching for proof that ghosts do exist. Arthur Machen, a journalist and author of paranormal fiction wrote a fictional account of the British Army’s retreat from the occupying German forces from Mons, France in 1914. Machen reported in a â€Å"fanciful† tale that phantom archers and soldiers from a medieval battle between the English and French from many centuries before. The ghosts, according to Machen, supplied a â€Å"rear guard† that allowed the English withdrawal and even caused some casualties within the Germans. Problem was the fiction quickly became â€Å"fact† as reports came in from the soldiers on the field about the â€Å"angels† assisting their efforts. Even when Machen decried the whole story as a work of fiction, people kept sending him reports of the Angels. Even after the war, a German officer claimed a horse â€Å"rear up† and tossed him off after being startled by the ghostly soldiers. (Didier, 2007) There is a saying that goes â€Å"People see and hear exactly what they wish to see and hear. † Nowhere is this more evident than the field of paranormal research. Millions of people have been taken in by false mediums, crooked illusionists and urban legends. These stories or sightings have a snowball effect on the public, one person sees or hears something that they swear is a ghost or spirit and others pick it up and continue the story. These people are unaware that they are the victims of wishful thinking or propaganda. Personal validation is, for all practical purposes, the major reason for the persistence of divinatory and assessment procedures. If the person is not persuaded, then the story will not survive. The widespread acceptance of myths about Bigfoot, the Bermuda Triangle, ancient astronauts, ghosts, the validity of meditation and consciousness-raising schemes, and a host of other beliefs is based on persuasion through personal validation rather than scientific conviction. (Frazier 81) Ghost stories or stories of encounters with ghosts have been produced as evidence of existence for many years. Many of these stories or encounters are actually quite old and have been retold in various versions many times. Urban legends are made from many of these stories, such as the ghost bridge, the college suicide and the missing party girl. Almost every state has a version of these stories but no one has produced concrete evidence that these tragedies ever actually occurred as told. While there are tragedies in all areas, none have been proven to produce the ghosts said to haunt the halls, bridges and roads of these stories. Gillian Bennett states â€Å"There are several problems with using these stories as a basis for overall conclusions about ghosts. First, most of these stories are highly traditionalized; excellent material for discussing ghost traditions, but for that reason less reliable as evidence of the nature of ghost experience. Evans says at the outset that what he proposes to do â€Å"is to see what we can learn about ghosts by looking at people’s experiences of ghosts. † This is fine so long as one can be certain that the experience they had was exactly the same as the one they reported. I doubt the match is usually this exact. Telling stories is a social activity and there are all sorts of reasons for doing it and for doing it in one way rather than another. A story about a strange experience will only be told if it fits expectations; if it does not but the narrator insists on telling it anyway, the hearers will ask questions and suggest details and generally try to get it into better shape as a ghost story. This might be the form in which it eventually gets into print. † (Bennett) There are many theories regarding what we see as ghosts and what they actually may be. Some researchers have done studies on whether the intellect of the person has an effect on their belief or disbelief of ghosts. This type of study has too many variables to be conclusive and many of the people had preconceived opinions before the study began. There is evidence that gender may be a factor in whether one believes in ghosts or not. Many researchers have found the endorsement of paranormal beliefs to be stronger among females than males for both global belief and for most of the specific dimensions of paranormal belief (Irwin, 1993). (Smith, Foster, and Stovin) One of the more interesting theories involves geomagnetic fields. Michael Persinger, Ph. D. , a professor of psychology at Laurentian University in Ontario, Canada, has demonstrated that a sensitive temporal lobe–the area that is responsible for regulation of emotions and motivated behaviors–together with naturally occurring magnetic fields, can trigger a ghostly encounter. â€Å"Individuals prone to paranormal experiences are sensitive to weak electromagnetic fields and to man-made electrical fields, which are becoming more prominent in the communication age,† explains Persinger, who has studied the link between magnetic fields and paranormal experience for 15 years. (Lockman 27) For every ghost hunter out there, there is a researcher with a plausible explanation for the phenomenon. If more people stop to view the evidence that science has to offer, they would be in a position to make an educated decision. While this may not prove concretely that ghosts do not exist, it offers a more reasonable explanation for those incidents that become urban legend or ghost stories. While it is sad to think of the trauma of a college suicide, it is improbable to think that the spirit of that person has nothing better to do than hang around the college dorm where they met their demise. Paranormal research is a very wide field and new areas are opening up every day. Like wise, the opportunity to research and investigate is an open area. With more advances in science, we are closer than ever to proving that ghosts do not exist. The evidence presented here is a small fraction of the hoaxes, frauds and misconceptions regarding the existence of ghosts. To be fair, the majority of ghost hunters investigating an occurrence will try to determine if there is a reasonable or mundane explanation for the sights or sounds. Many times they will find that the â€Å"ghost† is nothing more than loose floorboards or an overactive imagination. The cases that do not produce a common cause do not prove the existence of a ghost; they merely prove that more research is needed. Ghosts do not exist and science backs this up with more evidence every day. The mediums and hauntings are having to become more elaborate in order to maintain their illusions. In time, science will prove, with a doubt, that ghosts do not co-inhabit our houses, schools and roadsides. How to cite Parapsychology: The Non-Existence of Ghosts, Papers

Whats In A Name Essays - Jensen, Jens, Family Name,

What's In A Name? Amber Jensen Dr. Meiser English 110 September 27, 2000 What's in a Name? I have always been very proud of everything that I have accomplished in my life. I am proud of one thing more than anything else; my heritage. Ever since I was a child I was told all about my grandparents and their trek from Denmark to the United States. I was curious what their homeland was like, but it never seemed to be a topic of discussion. My grandmother boasted the Danish flag in her home, and displayed little trinkets that said ?velkomen? on them. My knowledge was limited to these few things I saw when I was a child. Since both of my grandparents had passed away, I started my research by picking up the phone and calling my father. My father, Larry Jensen, didn't know very much about Denmark either. He knew a few names from his family and their birth dates, so I started from there. I hit the internet with my newly obtained knowledge and I searched for anything that could link me to my past. I did not find anything about any of my specific relatives, but I learned about how and why I got my last name. Apparently, Danish people did not have last names until the late 19th century when new laws were introduced forcing them to take on a surname. The common people of Denmark didn't use family names to identify themselves. Before it was required to have a last name, people used patronymics, meaning they took on their father's first name with an ending to make their last name. It was also common for people in a town that was large to use their occupation or place of Jensen 2 residence as a last name. Many of the girls would get the father's first name with ?datter? or ?dotter? attached to it (meaning daughter of.) The boys would get their father's first name with ?sen? or ?son? attached to it (meaning son of.) In Denmark, ?datter? and ?dotter? meant the same thing, just as ?sen,? and ?son? were the same thing (Origins of Danish Names). The name Jensen, meaning ?son of Jens,? has many different spellings. The Dutch forms of Jensen are Jans, Johansen, Janse, Jansen, Janssen, Hoensen and Janzen. The root of all of these names comes from the stem or the variation of a stem, which is Jan. Jan translates into John, from the name Yochanan, which is Hebrew. In Hebrew it meant ?Jehova' has favored me with a son.' The Latin language adopted it as Johannes, and during the early Christian era in Europe it was very popular as a given name (Origins of Danish Names). Elsdon C. Smith said that the name Jensen meant the son of Jens, which is a deviation of the name John, meaning gracious gift of Jehovan (247). According to data recorded by Hamrick Software, Jensen is a widely popular name in the northern Midwest. In Wisconsin, 1 of every 300 people has the last name Jensen. In states such as Nevada, Idaho, and South Dakota, nearly 1 out of every 100 people have Jensen as their last name (Jensen Surname Distribution). This clearly shows the immigration patterns of the Danish people. According to my father and my grandfather, many Danish people came to the United States with few skills. One of their few skills was farming. They went to these states because they had a better chance of being successful in their trade, and they obviously were (Jensen). In the Encyclopedia of Jensen 3 American Family Names, the name Jensen was ranked 239 on the poll of the most popular family names in the United States, showing that my last name is popular and widespread (Robb Chesler 308). When searching for my first name, I came across very bland answers to what my name meant. Parenthoodweb says that Amber means reddish-yellow precious jewel. The name is Arabic in origin. A different source, Zelo.com, says that Amber means colored in an orange or yellow manner. Zelo.com also says that Amber has a French origin. Either way my name means essentially the same thing in any language. It is a simple name that describes hardened sap, a yellow

Free Essays on Interpersonal Communications

are spoken. When trying to get a clear meaning of IC you have to break it down into smaller meanings. I’ve seen it broken into 14 different subheadings. Today I’ll mainly focus on Self-Disclosure, Listening and Conflict. Self-Disclosure is the process of revealing something about yourself to another, generally information you’d normally keep hidden. Information disclosed could be about your behaviors, values, beliefs, desires or self-qualities. Sometimes self-disclosure can be as simple as sharing a story with a stranager at a doctor’s office. Generally it’s a process that is developed over time with other person. Things like who we are, the culture you live in, gender, the listeners and topics being disclosed determines who, when, where and how much we disclose. Extrovert people are more likely to self-disclose then those who don’t like speaking. Depending on where you’re from, disclosing one’s feeling could be perceived as weak. No matter what culture or gender we are more like to disclose information on hobbies, attitudes, interest, and opinion on religion then we are on sex, personalities, or relationships. Research has supported the poplar stereotype that men and women disclose information differently. Women disclose more intimately with other women then with other men. Women are more likely to share such information like greatest fears, current or past relationship issues and likes or dislikes in a relationship. Men think that if they self-disclose they’ll be looked as not being in control. Whe... Free Essays on Interpersonal Communications Free Essays on Interpersonal Communications When people think about interpersonal communication they tend to only think about the words that are spoken. Interpersonal Communication (IC) as defined by the book is communication between two persons or among a small group of people who have an established relationship. IC is more then just the words spoken, it’s how the words are perceived, what the words are trying to tell you, and how the words are spoken. When trying to get a clear meaning of IC you have to break it down into smaller meanings. I’ve seen it broken into 14 different subheadings. Today I’ll mainly focus on Self-Disclosure, Listening and Conflict. Self-Disclosure is the process of revealing something about yourself to another, generally information you’d normally keep hidden. Information disclosed could be about your behaviors, values, beliefs, desires or self-qualities. Sometimes self-disclosure can be as simple as sharing a story with a stranager at a doctor’s office. Generally it’s a process that is developed over time with other person. Things like who we are, the culture you live in, gender, the listeners and topics being disclosed determines who, when, where and how much we disclose. Extrovert people are more likely to self-disclose then those who don’t like speaking. Depending on where you’re from, disclosing one’s feeling could be perceived as weak. No matter what culture or gender we are more like to disclose information on hobbies, attitudes, interest, and opinion on religion then we are on sex, personalities, or relationships. Research has supported the poplar stereotype that men and women disclose information differently. Women disclose more intimately with other women then with other men. Women are more likely to share such information like greatest fears, current or past relationship issues and likes or dislikes in a relationship. Men think that if they self-disclose they’ll be looked as not being in control. Whe... Free Essays on Interpersonal Communications Interpersonal Communications Applied Summary Paper The first communication concept that I want to discuss on this paper is ‘perceptual schema’. Adler & Towne (1999) describe this as the â€Å"framework that allow us to organize the raw data we have selected. Five types of schema help us classify ourselves and others (p.97).† The way we communicate with others is determined largely by the way we perceive others. One of the five constructs that Adler & Towne write about is psychological construct, that is, whether the other person is curious, nervous, shy, or anxious. Another construct in perception schema is classification of a person based upon their role, that is, is that person a doctor, lawyer, police person, salesperson. No doubt we immediately take into account the role a person plays socially and communicate in kind. So, if I were to speak with a lawyer I could use terms like onus or adjudicate. The other three constructs are just as important to determining perception and in turn communication. In reference to application of this principle I have used it all my life intuitively and now after class I am able to elucidate. I have applied this most recently at work because at work I am able to meet new people every day. The latest example, I was at work and speaking with a person who was undocumented, I was able to understand their anxiousness and feelings of helplessness, both, psychological constructs. In my communication with them I was able to allay their fear of me, of The Salvation Army and of the case work process of asking for personal information. I felt very aware of how I was relating to this person according to the perception process described in Adler & Towne. As I was relating to this person I perceived the person relating to me with increasing comfort and ease of communication. I believe that our communication was effective in that I was able to perceive his anxiety, not as an attempt to manipu...

Verbs of Being Definition (English Grammar)

Verbs of Being Definition (English Grammar) In traditional grammar and pedagogical grammar, a verb that does not show action instead indicates a state of being. In other words, a state-of-being verb identifies who or what a noun is, was, or will be. Although in English most being verbs are forms of to be (am, are, is, was, were, will be, being, been), other verbs (such as become, seem, appear) can also function as verbs of being. Compare them with stative verbs, and contrast them with verbs of doing (dynamic verbs), or action verbs. Stylistic Advice: Avoid "Be" When You Can Unfortunately, to be verbs do not make for the most exciting writing to read when a piece is overloaded with them (buzzing with bes). Action verbs are stronger than to be verbs because they portray more imagery. Action verbs also make for more impactful, shorter sentences, as to be verbs often are found in passive sentences as well. Replace being verbs where you can, during your editing round of writing your piece. (The drafting phase is for getting your information organized and put together.) Not all being verbs or even passive voice can be avoided, of course, but where they can be replaced, your sentences will be livelier  and punchier and will flow more quickly. Improving Examples Compare the following sentences and their improvements: Jerry was working hard.Jerry worked hard.Mary is a big fan of Bach.Mary adores Bach. In the latter improvement, the verb was changed completely, to be more descriptive. Excising Passive Voice To get rid of passive voice, turn the sentence around and start with the doer of the action rather than the object of the action. See the difference between: Their house was invaded by bugs.Bugs invaded their house.The package was sent by Bob.Bob sent the package. Passive voice has its place, such as when the result is more important than who did the action. For example, The record low temperature was broken last night, after 104 years, or when the actor is unknown, such as in, Its recommended to have the furnace serviced once per year. (Though these sentences still could be revised out of passive by adding subjects and recasting them, such as We hit a record low last night, breaking a 104-year record and Manufacturers recommend having...) Hamlet's "To Be or Not to Be" One of the most famous being verb sentences surely is the famous soliloquy of Hamlets, in his eponymous Shakespearean play. Author Crystal Downing reminds us, though, that people need to take into account the fact that the speech is written in iambic pentameter when working out its meaning: When people pronounce Hamlets famous line, they usually emphasize the that, as though Hamlet cannot make up his mind about killing himself: To be, or not to be-

Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Finance - Essay Example This act aims at punishing all those who: give false certifications or false information, pretend to be in need of medical necessity or self referrals which allow a physician to gain money through referring a patient to a facility in which he has a monetary interest. All matters like these are presented to the False Claims Act who intervenes through several ways: acting as a plaintiff, allowing the realtor to prosecute on behalf of the US government or dismissing the complaint if it is against government policy. An instance like this date back to 1998 when the Assistant Secretary of Legislation was asked to review the healthcare department as incorrect billing had led to a loss of $6 billion. (Morris) Instances like these can also be presented and placed under the False Claims Act. In 2005 the dramatic deficits made by the government forced the Deficit Reduction Act to allow the Congress to decide that the Centers of Medicaid and its services(CMS) were to establish the Medicaid Integrity Plan. This plan was created to suit two purposes: to use contractors who would identify overpayments and audit claims and to provide support to combat fraud and abuse (HHS.gov). The most efficient manner for eradicating frauds is to deploy precautionary measures to avoid even its initiation.

Is overpopulation a global crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is overpopulation a global crisis - Essay Example Another definition of overpopulation is that it is â€Å"the condition of having a population as dense as to cause environmental deterioration and impaired quality of life or a population crash† (Gonzalez 117). These two definitions of overpopulation seem to have some differences as well as some commonalities. First of all, both definitions are based on the fact that overpopulation is based on the fact that there might be too many people as opposed to resources in a given area. This implies that overpopulation occurs when there are more people in relation to the resources available to them for their survival and livelihoods. On the other hand, the two writers are not in agreement about the scope of globalization. Whilst Pitzl defines globalization in terms of countries or geographical regions, Gonzalez views it as a global matter which has an impact on the natural environment. This means that the first definition localizes the idea of overpopulation whilst the second generatio n looks at it as a global problem or issue. Reasons why Overpopulation is a Global Issue In this world, resources and the natural environment are shared. Instead of having a limited access to natural resources, most resources in the natural environment transcend natural borders. ... This often results in pressure over natural resources, pollution, congestion, unorganized development amongst others. Nagel and Guinness identify that overpopulation can be defined in terms of having a population that is above the normal level that a nation or community can hold (111). The standard level of population that a community's resources can support is known as the optimum population (Nagel and Guinness 111). However, when the population goes above the optimum population, there is an increasing pressure on resources and the living standards of the community would begin to decline. Hence, there would be the non-sustainable use of natural resources, and the over-use of elements of the natural environment. This leads to pressure not only on local resources but on the global ecological balance. This is because when natural resources are put to a use that is beyond the normal, there would be some implications for other resources outside the nation or community. Over population ca uses nations around the world to get concerns. This is because population leads to migration. And if there is migration, nations with optimal populations are also affected and they would have to find ways and means of reducing the flow of migrants into their countries. For example, in the case of China which shares a long border with Russia, there is a major threat to the Russian economy and Russian natural resources if the population of China moves further up. This is because when China's population grows, the pressure on Chinese resources would be so high that a section of the Chinese community would have to leave the country in order to find other resources to survive on. This means that Russia would be

The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti :: Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti

The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti -- were they guilty or just victims of circumstance? You decide. This case was one of the most controversial court cases in America's history and soon you will know why. Sacco and Vanzetti were Italian immigrants who emigrated to America in 1908. At the time, Sacco was seventeen, and Vanzetti was 20. In April 1920, Sacco was working in a shoe factory, and Vanzetti was selling fish on the streets. Of the two immigrants, only Sacco had a family in the United States. His wife, Rosina, was expecting her second child. Their first son, Dante, was two years old. Both men were aliens, non-citizens, but Vanzetti had begun the process of citizenship. However, he did not speak English. Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of murdering the paymaster and a guard at the Slater and Morrill shoe factory in South Braintree, Massachusetts, on April 15, 1920. They were also accused of taking two payroll boxes which contained $15,776.51. Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested on May 5, 1920, when they went with two other men, Orciani and Boda, to pick up Boda's car from a garage. The car was not ready, so they left the garage and hopped a street car. The police stopped the street car and arrested them. Orciani was arrested the next day, but let go when his alibi checked out. Sacco was only charged with the Braintree murders. Vanzetti, however, was charged with both the Braintree murders, and another robbery, the Bridgewater crime. They were indicted on September 14, 1920, and put on trial on May 31, 1921. Their trial lasted almost seven weeks, and on July 14, 1921, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were found guilty of murder in the first degree. They would be executed for this crime. During the trial, there were many conflicting facts. For example, a hat found at the scene of the crime was assumed to be Sacco's. However, when Sacco tried it on, it did not fit his head. Sacco told the court he wore a size 7 1/8, and this hat was size 6 7/8. How could that have been Sacco's hat if it wasn't even his size? Sacco was also asked why he was carrying a gun on May 5. He replied, "My wife cleaned the house because we are to go Saturday to New York to get the boat to Italy. She found the pistol then.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 6

After returning from the walk, I found myself being sewn into a brand-new suit while Mrs. Sutherland instructed the tailor on where to pin and prod me. I knew I had to leave, but I also couldn't tear myself away from Mrs. Sutherland quite yet. We spent the entire afternoon chatting about my mother and her French relatives, along with my wish to one day travel to Italy to see the Sistine Chapel. Before I knew it, the tailor had made his final stitch, and night had arrived. Even I had to admit that my suit was fantastic. I looked like an urbane prince of industry in my pleated white shirtfront, silk top hat, and cravat. Winfield loaned me one of his pocket watches on a fob covered with a tasteful number of gold charms and gems, and I wore matching gold studs. I looked the very picture of humanity and was ashamed to be enjoying the part so thoroughly. Bridget simpered when I offered her a hand getting up into the carriage. Her skirts were full and cumbersome, an apricot version of the white gown she wore just the night before. Cream-colored silk netting floated over everything, giving her a look somewhere between a dancer in a European painting and a giant pastry. She giggled and tripped and pretended to fall, throwing an arm around my neck. â€Å"Save me again, kind sir,† she laughed, and I reminded myself that I had only to entertain her for another couple hours. Then, no matter the affection I felt for Mrs. Sutherland, I vowed I would make good on my promise to leave the family to their lives, disappearing into the crowd of the dance and returning to my home in the park. After a short ride, we approached another mansion of considerable size. It was solid stone, like a castle, but filled with windows. I helped Bridget from the coach and we took our places in the receiving line. In my human life I had been to many dances, yet I was not prepared for a New York City ball. There was someone to take my coat and hat – and because this wasn't Mystic Falls, where everyone of renown knew one another, I was given a ticket with a number on it to retrieve my things at the end of the evening. We approached the ballroom through a seemingly endless hallway of silver mirrors lit with candles and chandeliers, sparkling as I imagined it must have been like in Versailles. A thousand silvered reflections of Bridget and myself filled the space behind the glass. A full orchestra of violins, cellos, horns, and flutes played in the corner, the musicians dressed in black suits. The room was filled, wall-to-wall, with dancers in the most amazing array of dress I had ever seen. The young women lifted delicate gloved hands with sparkling diamond bracelets, then twirled in gowns that ranged in color from bloodred to dusty gold. Gauzy skirts swished in time with the high-paced mazurka the orchestra played, netting, tulle, lace, and the finest silk petticoats floating like petals strewn across a lake. If my eyes were dazzled by the sight of the dancers, the scents of the room almost overpowered the rest of my senses: expensive perfumes, huge vases of exotic flowers, sweat, and punch, and somewhere someone was bleeding from a pin left in her dress by a careless maid. â€Å"You're supposed to fetch your lady a dance card,† Lydia murmured into my ear as I stood there, stunned by the opulent and overwhelming scene before me. â€Å"Is that . . . is that Adelina Patti?† I stuttered, pointing at a demure-looking woman standing in the corner and surrounded by admirers. â€Å"The opera singer?† I had seen photographs of her. My father had wanted his sons to have working knowledge of their Italian culture and heritage. â€Å"Yes,† Bridget said, rolling her eyes and stamping a pretty, satin-covered foot. â€Å"And over there is Mayor Gunther, and over there is John D. Rockefeller, and . . . can you take me to my seat now? I want to see who asks me to dance.† Lydia let out a polite cough that sounded suspiciously like a laugh. â€Å"In the South,† I whispered to her out of the corner of my mouth, â€Å"it's considered impolite to dance with your escort overmuch.† Lydia put a gloved hand to her own mouth, covering her smile. â€Å"I've heard that they still actually dance the quadrille in the South and have no parlor games at their functions. Good luck, Mr. Salvatore.† And she glided off into the crowd. Margaret gave me a tiny smirk. She was on the arm of her husband, Wally, a short fellow with a pince-nez and a serious bent. But when she whispered to him, a smile broke out and he was radiant. I felt an odd jab of jealousy. I would never know what that was like, the simple rituals of a close-knit couple. The orchestra struck up a waltz. Bridget stuck out her lower lip. â€Å"And me without a dance card yet.† â€Å"My lady,† I said, inwardly sighing. I gave her a slight bow and offered her my hand. Bridget was a fine dancer and it was almost pleasurable twirling her across the floor. I could forget where and who I was for the few minutes of the waltz: just a man in a tailcoat, feet flying, in a room full of beautiful people. She turned her leaf-green eyes up to me, and for one beautiful moment I could pretend she was Callie, alive and well and getting the happy ending she so desperately deserved. The illusion came to an end the moment the music stopped. â€Å"Lead me by the edge of the dancers,† Bridget begged. â€Å"I want everyone to see us!† She dragged me past the refreshment room, where all manner of exotic food was laid out. Delicate ices made from foreign fruit, real Vienna coffee, blancmange, tiny chocolate cakes, and glass upon crystal glass of champagne to wash it down. For the hungrier set there seemed to be every kind of fowl, from quail to goose, neatly carved into small pieces so a dancer could eat quickly and return to the floor. Once again I wished I was hungry for normal human food. But instead I indulged in a glass of champagne. â€Å"Hilda, Hilda,† Bridget called out in a voice that carried well considering how crowded the space was. A beautiful girl in a rose-pink gown turned from her gentleman friend, face lighting up when she saw Bridget. Her eyes traveled up and down me with a quick flick of her eyelashes. â€Å"This is Stefan Salvatore,† Bridget said. â€Å"He is the one who rescued me!† â€Å"Mademoiselle,† I said with a slight bow, taking her fingertips and bringing them to my lips. Bridget gave me a look that was somewhere between jealousy and pleasure that I was so polite. â€Å"Brooklyn Bridgey! Who's your friend?† A dapper young man with a twinkle in his eye and giant grin sidled up to us. He had a sharp nose and curly black hair; rosy dots appeared on his cheeks that made him look vaguely tubercular. â€Å"This is Stefan Salvatore,† Bridget told him, exactly as proudly and carefully as she had with Hilda. â€Å"He rescued me when I was overcome in the park!† â€Å"Pleasure to meet you! Abraham Smith. You can call me Bram.† He grabbed my hand and shook it hard. â€Å"That was terribly naughty of you, leaving the party unescorted like that, Bridgey.† Bram shook a finger at her and she pouted. â€Å"Brooklyn Bridgey?† I asked, my head spinning a little. â€Å"Why, the Brooklyn Bridge is only going to be the biggest, most fantastic suspension bridge ever built!† Bram said, eyes lighting up. â€Å"No more ferries, no sir. We'll drive ourselves back and forth across the mighty East River!† â€Å"Oh look!† Bridget squealed, pointing in a very unladylike manner. â€Å"There's Lydia and her beau! Let's go talk to them!† I gave Hilda and Bram a helpless salute good-bye as Bridget directed me toward her sister with an iron grip. The Italian count was surrounded by admirers, including Lydia. I caught glimpses of him as we walked closer. His raven hair gleamed, and his black formal suit fit him perfectly. He moved with a careless grace waving his arms as he told his story. The glint of a ring shimmered on his hand. The truth hit me only moments before he turned, as if he'd been expecting my arrival. I did my best to hide my shock when I looked into my brother's ice-blue eyes.

Analysis of Law of Torts Cases Free Essay Example, 2000 words

In Ryan v. Youngs (1938), the defendant s servant, while driving a lorry, suddenly died, which resulted in an accident and consequent injury to the plaintiff. The driver appeared to be quite healthy and the defendant could not foresee his sudden death. It was held that the accident was due to an act of God and, the defendant was not liable. It is also a stated position that Reasonable foreseeability does not mean remote possibility. According to Champan v. Hoarse (1961) 108 C. L.R. 112, at 115, per Dixon C. J.) to establish negligence it is not enough to prove that the injury was foreseeable, but a reasonable likelihood of the injury has also to be shown because foreseeability does not include any idea of likelihood at all. Lord Dunedin in Fardon v. Harcourt-Rivington (1932) 146 L. T. 391) said that if the possibility of danger emerging is only a mere possibility which would never occur to the mind of a reasonable man, then there is no negligence in not having taken extraordin ary precautions .. People must guard against reasonable probabilities but they are not bound to guard against fantastic possibilities. Even a council has a duty of care towards his client, the council should be careful in performing his professional duties. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Law of Torts Cases or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page A breach of any of the above-mentioned duties gives a right of action for negligence to the patient. It is also a settled position that Duty must be owed to the Plaintiff, Mere carelessness on the part of the defendant does not entitle the plaintiff to sue him, it has to be proved that the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff.